Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) – including refuse-derived fuel (RDF), biomass, used tyres and industrial waste – are increasingly replacing conventional fossil fuels in energy-intensive industries such as cement and power generation. Raw materials are also used as a substitute for primary resources such as limestone, with both trends being driven by the need to reduce CO₂ emissions and rising emission permit costs.
This transition is being driven by a combination of regulatory incentives, rising energy costs, and global climate commitments. At the same time, advances in automation, fuel inspection and real-time quality monitoring are making AFR integration more practical, scalable and reliable.
Handled correctly, AFR supports lower carbon emissions, reduced landfill dependency and improved long-term fuel security.